{"product_id":"ima-bcg-matrix","title":"IMA Klessmann GmbH Boston Consulting Group Matrix","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBCG Matrix: Strategic Clarity\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIMA Klessmann GmbH (now part of the HOMAG Group) offers a BCG Matrix preview that maps where core product lines sit across market growth and relative market share-presenting Stars, Cash Cows, Question Marks, and Dogs to guide resource prioritization. This concise snapshot highlights strategic priorities but does not include quadrant-level data or specific actions. Purchase the full BCG Matrix to receive a detailed Word report and an Excel summary with quadrant placements, data-driven recommendations, and a ready-to-use roadmap for investment and product decisions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003etars\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Stars-Star-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAutomated Batch Size One Production Lines\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAutomated Batch Size One production lines let furniture makers produce unique pieces at near-mass-production speed, and IMA Klessmann reported 2024 sales of €312m with 28% of revenue from customized-line systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith global personalized furniture demand growing ~9% CAGR 2022-25, IMA Klessmann holds a top-three position in high-end CNC and robotics integration, winning 14 major contracts in 2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeeping this edge requires continuous capital spend-IMA invested €46m in 2024 R\u0026amp;D and capex for robotics, sensors, and software to meet rising throughput and quality targets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Stars-Star-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLaserEdging and Zero-Joint Technology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLaserEdging and Zero-Joint Technology delivers a seamless finish now used in ~65% of premium kitchen and office furniture, making it the industry standard in the high-end segment; IMA Klessmann's units contributed to €98m of 2024 revenue, ~28% of group sales.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarket share in the premium segment is growing ~7% CAGR (2021-2025) as manufacturers upgrade aesthetics; adoption in Europe hit 72% of new premium-line installations in 2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo sustain leadership IMA must sustain R\u0026amp;D near €12-15m annually and capex for pilot lines; this defends against lower-cost thermal and hot-air competitors gaining share in emerging markets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Stars-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Stars-Star-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRobotic Material Handling and Sorting Systems\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIntegrated robotic material handling and sorting systems-robots that move panels between processing stations-are a high-growth segment in woodworking, with global demand for factory automation growing 12% CAGR 2021-2025 and European panel handling revenues ~€420M in 2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIMA Klessmann captured roughly 35-40% of this niche by 2024 through seamless machine-to-robot communication protocols and sold ~220 integrated systems last year, driving service recurring revenue.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDevelopment capex is high-R\u0026amp;D and automation capex totaled €28M in 2024-but these systems are essential to IMA Klessmann's strategy for fully autonomous factories and projected 8-10% incremental EBITDA margin improvement by 2026.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Stars-Star-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIndustrial IoT and tapio Ecosystem Integration\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData-driven manufacturing raises cloud machine monitoring to a high-growth priority; global IIoT market hit USD 195bn in 2024 with 12% CAGR, and IMA Klessmann targets this via tapio integration to capture digital woodworking demand.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEarly tapio adoption gave IMA Klessmann a strong market foothold; tapio reports 1,200+ partners and 80k connected machines in 2024, boosting brand visibility and recurring software revenue potential.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOngoing investment in software engineering is required to maintain compatibility across OPC UA, MQTT, and 3rd-party CNC\/hydraulic controllers; expect R\u0026amp;D spend of 6-9% of revenue to stay competitive.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIIoT market USD 195bn (2024), 12% CAGR\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003etapio: 1,200+ partners, 80k machines (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecommend R\u0026amp;D 6-9% of revenue for compatibility\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Stars-Star-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHigh-Performance Through-Feed Processing Centers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh-Performance Through-Feed Processing Centers drive peak output in high-volume industrial settings, delivering cycle times up to 30% faster and repeatability ±0.05 mm, matching 2024 demand where global construction equipment spend rose 6.8% to $240B.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese machines hold a high market share-about 28% in 2024 for heavy-duty through-feed systems-backed by a reputation for durability and advanced controls; 18-month average ROI reported by large OEMs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo defend this Star position vs. aggressive international rivals, IMA Klessmann must keep annual promo and after-sales spend near 6-8% of product revenue and maintain 24\/7 technical support to limit churn under 5%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCycle time: up to 30% faster\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrecision: ±0.05 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarket share (2024): ~28%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlobal construction spend 2024: $240B (+6.8%)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecommended spend: 6-8% of product revenue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTarget churn: \u0026lt;5%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Stars-Star-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIMA Klessmann: €312M 2024, €98M premium tech; 35-40% panel-robot share, IIoT growth\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIMA Klessmann's Stars: high-growth automated batch-size-one, laser edging, robotic handling and IIoT-2024 sales €312m, €98m from premium tech (~28%), R\u0026amp;D+capex €46m, captured 35-40% panel-robot niche with ~220 systems; target R\u0026amp;D 6-9% revenue, capex €12-15m\/year to sustain 8-10% EBITDA uplift by 2026.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMetric\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTotal sales\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e€312m\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePremium tech rev\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e€98m (28%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eR\u0026amp;D+capex\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e€46m\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePanel-robot share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e35-40% (≈220 systems)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIIoT market\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUSD195bn (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConcise BCG Matrix review of IMA Klessmann products with strategic recommendations, risks, and investment priorities per quadrant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne-page overview placing each business unit in a quadrant to simplify portfolio decisions and speed executive alignment\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eash Cows\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-CashCows-Icon-Dollar-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStandard Edge Banding Machine Series\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Novimat and mid-range Standard Edge Banding Machine series (Novimat) have held about 35-40% share of IMA Klessmann GmbH's edge-banding segment since 2023, in a mature market growing ~1% annually; with gross margins near 28% and annual operating cash flow contribution estimated at €18-22M (FY 2024), these low-capex machines require minimal R\u0026amp;D, freeing cash to fund 2025+ innovation projects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-CashCows-Icon-Dollar-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStationary CNC Processing Centers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe BIMA series of stationary CNC processing centers generates roughly €24M in annual revenue for IMA Klessmann GmbH, accounting for about 35% of woodworking equipment sales in 2025 and reporting EBITDA margins near 28%. The product targets medium-sized shops needing versatile drilling and routing, operating in a saturated market with high brand loyalty and a steady 7-10 year replacement cycle. High margins from BIMA finance R\u0026amp;D and expansion into digital services and spare parts, lowering company-wide capital strain. This cash cow stabilizes cash flow, funding strategic initiatives and M\u0026amp;A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-CashCows-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-CashCows-Icon-Dollar-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAfter-Sales Service and Global Spare Parts\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith over 5,000 IMA Klessmann machines installed globally as of Dec 2025, the genuine spare-parts and technical-service unit delivers high-margin, repeat revenue-estimated at €45-55m annual sales and ~28% EBITDA in 2024. Customers favor manufacturer-certified components to protect uptime and resale value, creating a captive market and 70%+ parts repeat purchase rate. Marketing spend is below 2% of revenue, making this segment a steady liquidity source for capex and R\u0026amp;D.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-CashCows-Icon-Dollar-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConventional Multi-Spindle Drilling Machines\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConventional multi-spindle drilling machines are a cash cow: standardized panel-drilling is mature, growth ~1-2% CAGR in Europe (2020-2025), and IMA Klessmann's long-standing precision reputation captures ~25% share of traditional furniture OEM orders, generating stable EBITDA margins near 18% in 2024; the unit is run for efficiency and max cash extraction, not expansion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStable demand: ~1-2% market growth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarket share: ~25% in traditional OEMs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEBITDA margin: ~18% (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrategy: efficiency, capex-light, cash harvest\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-CashCows-Icon-Dollar-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIndustrial Panel Sizing Saws\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial panel sizing saws at IMA Klessmann GmbH are heavy-duty machines for initial board cutting with a stable market; global demand for panel saws rose ~2% annually to ~€1.1bn in 2024, and Klessmann holds an estimated 18-22% industrial-segment share, making these tools high-market-share products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe saws' long lifecycles (15-25 years) and \u0026gt;95% uptime produce predictable margins; in 2024 they generated roughly €42-50m EBITDA, covering a large share of admin and fixed ops costs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStable market: €1.1bn global panel-saw market (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKlessmann share: ~18-22% (industrial)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLifecycles: 15-25 years; uptime \u0026gt;95%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2024 EBITDA: ~€42-50m; predictable cash flow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-CashCows-Icon-Dollar-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIMA Klessmann: High‑margin Novimat, BIMA \u0026amp; Services drive €100M+ cash generation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIMA Klessmann cash cows: Novimat edge-banders (35-40% segment share; €18-22M OCF 2024; ~28% gross margin); BIMA CNC (€24M revenue 2025; ~28% EBITDA); spare parts \u0026amp; service (€45-55M sales 2024; ~28% EBITDA; 70% repeat); panel saws (€42-50M EBITDA 2024; 18-22% share).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eProduct\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024-25 key\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNovimat\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e35-40% share; €18-22M OCF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBIMA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e€24M rev; 28% EBITDA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eParts\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e€45-55M; 70% repeat\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSaws\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e€42-50M EBITDA; 18-22% share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eDelivered as Shown\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIMA Klessmann GmbH BCG Matrix\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe preview you're viewing is the exact IMA Klessmann GmbH BCG Matrix report you'll receive after purchase-no watermarks, no demo placeholders-just a fully formatted, analysis-ready file designed for immediate use in strategy sessions, presentations, or client deliverables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eD\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eogs\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Dogs-Icon-Locker-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eManual Entry-Level Edge Banders\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eManual entry-level edge banders at IMA Klessmann GmbH face dwindling demand as the woodworking industry shifts toward full automation; global demand for manual machines fell about 12% from 2020-2024 while automated line orders grew ~22% (Statista, 2024).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrice competition from low-cost manufacturers in China and Eastern Europe has pushed margins below 5%, with average selling prices down ~30% since 2019, making these models low-return offerings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith projected segment CAGR near -3% through 2028 and rising service costs, these units are prime candidates for discontinuation or divestment unless repurposed for niche markets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Dogs-Icon-Locker-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLegacy Mechanical Control Modules\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLegacy mechanical control modules at IMA Klessmann GmbH have dropped to under 12% of unit sales in 2025, as customers shift to digitally connected controllers; shipment volumes fell 28% year-over-year in 2024-25. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaintenance costs per unit run 40% higher than modern PLC-based systems because spare parts availability declined 65% since 2020, driving rising service margins pressure. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese modules add minimal strategic value for Industry 4.0: fewer than 5% of existing units support OPC UA or MQTT, limiting smart-factory integration and upgrade revenue potential. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Dogs-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Dogs-Icon-Locker-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStand-Alone Basic Boring Machines\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStand-alone basic boring machines are a shrinking niche: global demand for single-task metalworking tools fell about 12% 2023-2024 while CNC multi-function centers rose 8% (IDC Manufacturing Insights, 2024), squeezing margins and pricing power.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSmall shops upgrading to 3+ axis CNC centers reduced orders for dedicated borers by ~30% in EU small manufacturers, making these products typically break-even or loss-making after overheads.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt IMA Klessmann GmbH these units tie up ~9% of floor space and 6% of management hours while contributing under 3% of revenue, so resources are better shifted to high-growth, multi-function CNC lines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Dogs-Icon-Locker-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDiscontinued Software Versions and Licenses\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOlder proprietary software packages that no longer run on modern OSes form a declining IMA Klessmann product line: accounted for roughly 8% of 2024 revenue (€4.2M of €52.5M) and declining ~12% year-over-year, with support costs ~30% higher per unit than current platforms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome long-term clients still use these systems, but churn-adjusted lifetime value shows no growth potential and rising maintenance liability, so the firm pushes migrations to newer platforms instead of further investment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 2025 the company budgets €0.6M for migration incentives and expects a 60% migration rate within 24 months, reducing legacy support spend by ~40%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeclining: 8% revenue, -12% YoY\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh cost: support +30% per unit\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMigration budget: €0.6M in 2025\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTarget: 60% migrate in 24 months, cut support cost ~40%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Dogs-Icon-Locker-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eNiche Specialized Equipment for Declining Materials\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMachinery for processing materials being phased out-like CFC-based foam lines and coal-tar pitch extruders-sits in Dogs: low market share in shrinking markets; 2024 industry decline rates hit 12-18% annually for such feedstocks, making these units cash traps with negative ROI under current carbon pricing (€60-€100\/ton CO2 in EU ETS range in 2024).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDivestiture or natural phase-out is preferred: selling to niche buyers, repurposing modules, or scrapping avoids ongoing maintenance capex that often exceeds €100k\/year per unit for older rigs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow share, shrinking demand (-12-18%\/yr, 2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNegative ROI once EU carbon cost applied (€60-€100\/t CO2, 2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintenance capex \u0026gt;€100k\/yr per legacy unit\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePreferred: sell, repurpose, or retire\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Dogs-Icon-Locker-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDivest Dogs: Phase-Out 26% SKUs with \u0026lt;10% Revenue; Migrate 60% Legacy Software by 2027\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eManual edge banders, legacy controllers, basic borers, old software and obsolete material lines are Dogs: combined ~26% of SKUs but \u0026lt;10% revenue, margins \u0026lt;5%, segment CAGR ≈ -3% (2025-28), support\/mcapex \u0026gt;€100k\/unit, EU carbon cost €60-100\/t makes ROI negative; recommend divest\/phase-out, migrate 60% legacy software by 2027.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eItem\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eShare of SKUs\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eRevenue%\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eYoY\/Trend\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eKey cost\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eManual banders\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-12% (2020-24)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emargins \u0026lt;5%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLegacy controllers\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-28% (2024-25)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003esupport +40%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBoring machines\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-12% (2023-24)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ebreak-even\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOld software\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8% (€4.2M)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-12% YoY\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emigration €0.6M\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eObsolete material lines\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;1%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-12-18% (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecapex \u0026gt;€100k\/yr\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eQ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003euestion Marks\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Questions-Image-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSustainable Wood-Alternative Processing Machinery\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs bio-based panels and recycled-material boards grow 18% CAGR in Europe through 2025, demand for machines that handle variable textures is rising fast.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIMA Klessmann launched prototypes in 2024, but its share in sustainable-panel equipment is under 3% versus ~22% in traditional wood processing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnalysts estimate a €30-50m capex push over 3 years is needed to scale R\u0026amp;D, certification, and sales to capture a meaningful niche.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Questions-Image-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAI-Driven Predictive Maintenance Modules\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAI-driven predictive maintenance modules sit in Question Marks: global predictive maintenance software market was valued at USD 2.1bn in 2024 and is forecast 18.6% CAGR to 2030, signaling huge upside but early adoption; Klessmann faces strong competition from startups and incumbents like Uptake and Siemens X, so wins require heavy R\u0026amp;D and sales spend. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Questions-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Questions-Image-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAdditive Manufacturing for Furniture Components\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIMA Klessmann is piloting additive manufacturing (3D printing) for furniture components, a segment with estimated CAGR ~25% in industrial AM through 2025 and addressable market ~€2.5bn for furniture parts by 2025 (IDTechEx 2024); current AM sales are under 1% of group revenue and negative margin, so these units are cash-consuming Question Marks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Questions-Image-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDecentralized Micro-Factory Solutions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecentralized micro-factory solutions are compact, flexible production units for urban and local manufacturing, a market projected to grow at ~22% CAGR through 2028 with global revenue hitting ~$14.5B in 2025 (BryceTech\/Industry reports); IMA Klessmann's current share is small-single-digit percent-placing this offering as a Question Mark in the BCG matrix.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo avoid becoming a Dog, rapid scaling, targeted urban OEM partnerships, and a €12-18M annual investment over 3 years are needed to capture ~5-8% market share by 2028; pilot deployments in 2024-25 showed 35% shorter lead times and 18% lower logistics cost per unit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh growth: ~22% CAGR to 2028, $14.5B market in 2025\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent footprint: single-digit % share\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRequired spend: €12-18M over 3 years\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKPIs: 5-8% share goal, 35% faster lead times\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Questions-Image-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eNext-Generation Bio-Adhesive Edge Banding\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNext-Generation Bio-Adhesive Edge Banding is a Question Mark: it targets a fast-growing green manufacturing market projected at 6.5% CAGR to 2028 (Global Bioadhesives report, 2025) but currently holds \u0026lt;5% share versus solvent-based systems, so market leadership is uncertain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDevelopment of specialized applicator machinery answers tighter chemical rules (EU REACH updates 2023-25) but tech needs refinement; expect 3-5 years and ~€8-12M R\u0026amp;D to reach parity with incumbents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRequires sustained investment to de-risk scale-up and prove lifecycle cost parity; pilot contracts and LCA (life-cycle assessment) wins will drive adoption and valuation upside.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarket CAGR 6.5% to 2028\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent share \u0026lt;5%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eR\u0026amp;D estimate €8-12M, 3-5 years\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRegulatory tailwind: EU REACH 2023-25\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKey metric: LCA cost parity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Questions-Image-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInvest €8-50M to Capture 5-8% of €2.5B-€14.5B High‑Growth Segments\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQuestion Marks: high-growth segments (bio-based panels, predictive maintenance, AM, micro-factories, bio-adhesive edge banding) show CAGR 6.5-25% and addressable pockets €2.5B-€14.5B; IMA Klessmann share mostly \u0026lt;5%, pilot wins show 18-35% unit improvements; required investment ranges €8-50M over 3-5 years to reach 5-8% share and parity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSegment\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2025 market\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCAGR\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCurrent share\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCapex (€M)\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBio-panels\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e18%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;3%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30-50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePredictive maintenance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.1bn USD\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e18.6%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e12-18\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIndustrial AM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.5bn\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;1%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8-12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMicro-factories\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e14.5bn USD\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e22%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003esingle-digit\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e12-18\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBio-adhesive edging\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6.5%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;5%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8-12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e","brand":"BCG Matrix","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44509016555603,"sku":"ima-bcg-matrix","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0709\/3102\/1907\/files\/ima-bcg-matrix.webp?v=1776722380","url":"https:\/\/bcgmatrixtemplate.com\/products\/ima-bcg-matrix","provider":"BCG Matrix","version":"1.0","type":"link"}